ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormal laboratory and physical findings, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state, and prothrombotic state that results in a patient having significantly higher risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. There are slight differences between institutions in defining metabolic syndrome across the world. To achieve adequate management and treatment and decrease the risk of subsequent diseases, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
Aim: In this review, we aimed to study the pathophysiology behind the development of metabolic syndrome, and also to explore the approach to its management
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: metabolic syndrome, pro-thrombotic state, pro-inflammatory state, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular mortality
Results: The major aspects of treatment include weight reduction by diet, medication, as well as bariatric surgery [in some cases], and managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with diet and medication
Conclusion: The most important intervention in managing patients with metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification with improved diet and exercise. To achieve adequate treatment and decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
ABSTRACT
Background: Immunization recommendations depend on epidemiological factors as well as age, sex, history of previous vaccination, current health status, occupation and lifestyle. Several vaccines are recommended for adults including, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis, tetanus-diphtheria, influenza, human papillomavirus, varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella, and pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate or pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide, and hepatitis. Such diseases have shown dramatic decrease in incidence and mortality after introduction of vaccines
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: adult immunization, adult vaccine, recent vaccine guidelines, preventive medicine, human papillomavirus, MMR, S. pneumoniae, PCV13, PPSV23, hepatitis A, hepatitis B
Aim: In this review, we aimed at reviewing the updates in adult vaccine and their effectivity
Conclusion: Vaccination for adult population has proved to be of extreme importance and has achieved great successes. Combined efforts of patients, physicians, and policy makers are needed to achieve higher levels of success and improve vaccine coverage